Sunday, February 15, 2009

Powerful passage(s) from Steiner's "Antigones"

I believe the whole section from pages 234-242 where Steiner writes about the male/female conflict are powerful - some of which was covered in Friday 13th class discussion. But there are a few passages that I think are particularly important and of the most interest to me. Steiner writes on page 237, "there can be no doubt as to the fullness and authority of the realization of masculinity and femininity in the pivotal collision in Antigone." In my blog on the 12th when I compared the two translations of the drama, I was interested in how Creon was responding to a
female who had disobeyed his edict. I believe Creon is more concerned with the problem of a woman disobeying him - although he does mention her youth, that doesn't seem to be what infuriates him the most - he is concerned about the consequences or ridicule he would face when it is learned that it is a woman who defied him. But if you reread Antigone's and Creon's exchange and especially when Antigone speaks beginning at line 497, her conflict with Creon is not because he is a man, she would have buried Polyneices if a female leader had decreed he remain unburied. Although Antigone calls Creon a "tyrant," a "mere human being," and a "fool," she does not see the conflict between them occurring because he is a man, nor is her focus on that. The conflict as Antigone sees it is caused by the unjust proclamation that Polyneices remain unburied, the conflict is between the "gods' unwritten laws" in which she believes, where "Hades longs to have the laws obeyed," and at least in this instance, the unjust laws of humans. I think we could also see the conflict between the individual and society here at least to some degree. But for Creon, the main concern is the belief of the female as an inferior acting against male power. In Creon's exchange with Ismene when she asks if he would indeed kill the bride of his son, Creon responds "There's other ground for him to plow, you know." Kind of a variation of "all women are the same in the dark." Another good example of Creon's beliefs comes out in his conversation with Haemon. Steiner says "The furious debate with Haemon further intensifies, but also vulgarizes Creon's doctrine of male prepotence" pg 239, and pg 240, "Haemon's mere speech is, according to Creon, no longer that of a man. It betrays that reversion to the spheres of animality of which woman is enigmatically, an extension, and which if allowed free play, let alone dominion, will undermine the city of man...But to him and, one has every reason to believe, to the very great majority of Sophocles' audience, the logic of coexistence is one of clear masculine primacy." When Haemon defends Antigone's actions of burying Polyneices using the reasoning of gods' laws vs laws of man, he says "You have no respect at all if you trample on the right of gods!" Creon responds "What a sick mind you have: You submit to a woman." Even when his son pleads with him to look at justice/injustice, gods' laws/laws of man, Creon just brings it all back to a female standing up to male power. I think this might be a good time to write what is past possesses the present.

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